Introduction

When discussing industrial ventilation equipment, two of the most common types of fans are axial fans and centrifugal fans. While both serve the purpose of moving air efficiently, their manufacturing processes vary due to differences in design, structure, and performance requirements.

Raw Material Selection

The production process begins with material selection. For both axial and centrifugal fans, high-quality steel, aluminum alloys, or stainless steel are used to ensure durability and resistance to corrosion. In some cases, composite materials may also be applied for lightweight designs. For centrifugal fans, thicker steel plates are often required because of the higher pressures they handle, whereas axial fans focus more on balance and aerodynamic shaping.

Blade Fabrication

Axial Fan Blades
Axial fan blades are designed to push air parallel to the shaft. The blades are typically manufactured by stamping or extrusion, followed by precise shaping to achieve aerodynamic efficiency. Welding, riveting, or bolting is used to attach the blades to the hub (Click to learn more). In advanced designs, adjustable pitch mechanisms are integrated, allowing customization of airflow and pressure. The finishing stage includes surface treatments such as anti-corrosion coating and balancing to minimize vibration.

Centrifugal Fan Blades
In contrast, centrifugal fans require blades that curve forward, backward, or radially (Click to learn more). These blades are cut from steel sheets and shaped through bending or pressing molds. The process must ensure uniform thickness and precision angles to guarantee efficiency. After shaping, blades are welded onto a wheel or impeller. Balancing is critical here because centrifugal fans operate at higher pressures, and even small imbalances can reduce performance or cause wear.

Impeller and Hub Assembly

For both types, the impeller assembly is a crucial stage. In axial fans, the hub connects directly to the motor shaft, and precision machining ensures correct alignment. In centrifugal fans, the impeller is enclosed in a housing (scroll or volute casing) to direct airflow. The welding quality and roundness of the impeller must be strictly controlled to avoid vibration and energy loss.

Casing and Housing

Axial Fans typically feature cylindrical casings. The casing is rolled from steel sheets, welded, and treated to resist corrosion. For larger models, flanges and mounting brackets are added to simplify installation in ducts or ventilation systems.

Centrifugal Fans have more complex housings, often designed in spiral shapes to channel airflow. The fabrication requires precision cutting and welding to maintain consistent airflow paths. The housing must also withstand higher static pressures, which makes its construction more demanding compared to axial fans.

Motor Integration

Both fan types rely on electric motors, but integration differs. Axial fans often use direct-drive motors for compactness, while centrifugal fans may use belt-driven systems to allow speed adjustment. Motor mounts, bearings, and protective enclosures are installed with high precision to ensure smooth operation. Additional components such as vibration isolators, protective grills, and acoustic insulation may also be added based on application needs.

Surface Treatment and Coating

After assembly, fans undergo surface treatments such as galvanization, powder coating, or painting. These treatments enhance corrosion resistance, especially when fans are used in outdoor or industrial environments. For offshore or chemical applications, special coatings are applied to meet strict environmental standards.

Testing and Quality Control

Before leaving the factory, every fan is subjected to strict quality checks. Tests include:
- Performance testing (airflow, static pressure, efficiency)
- Dynamic balancing (click to learn more) to ensure vibration-free operation
- Noise testing for compliance with acoustic requirements
- Safety inspections covering electrical connections and protective features

Compliance with international standards such as AMCA, ISO ensures reliability and global market acceptance.

Packaging and Delivery

Finally, completed fans are carefully packaged to prevent damage during transportation. For international shipments, wooden crates or reinforced cartons are commonly used, with clear labeling for orientation and handling.

Conclusion

While axial and centrifugal fans may look similar in function—moving air—their production processes highlight distinct engineering challenges. Axial fans prioritize streamlined blade design and lightweight casings for high-volume airflow, whereas centrifugal fans emphasize impeller strength, complex housings, and pressure resistance. Both types require precise craftsmanship, quality materials, and rigorous testing to meet industry standards.

By understanding these differences, industries can make informed decisions about selecting the right fan type for applications ranging from subways and tunnels to factories and commercial buildings.

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